• Colorectal Writing Group for Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program–Comparative Effectiveness Research Translation Network (SCOAP-CERTAIN) Collaborative, Daniel W Nelson, Vlad V Simianu, Amir L Bastawrous, Richard P Billingham, Alessandro Fichera, Michael G Florence, Eric K Johnson, Morris G Johnson, Richard C Thirlby, David R Flum, and Scott R Steele.
• Madigan Army Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Fort Lewis, Washington.
• JAMA Surg. 2015 Aug 1; 150 (8): 712-20.

ImportanceVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important complication of colorectal surgery, but its incidence is unclear in the era of VTE prophylaxis.ObjectiveTo describe the incidence of and risk factors associated with thromboembolic complications and contemporary VTE prophylaxis patterns following colorectal surgery.Design, Setting, And ParticipantsProspective data from the Washington State Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program (SCOAP) linked to a statewide hospital discharge database. At 52 Washington State SCOAP hospitals, participants included consecutive patients undergoing colorectal surgery between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2011.Main Outcomes And MeasuresVenous thromboembolism complications in-hospital and up to 90 days after surgery.ResultsAmong 16,120 patients (mean age, 61.4 years; 54.5% female), the use of perioperative and in-hospital VTE chemoprophylaxis increased significantly from 31.6% to 86.4% and from 59.6% to 91.4%, respectively, by 2011 (P < .001 for trend for both). Overall, 10.6% (1399 of 13,230) were discharged on a chemoprophylaxis regimen. The incidence of VTE was 2.2% (360 of 16,120). Patients undergoing abdominal operations had higher rates of 90-day VTE compared with patients having pelvic operations (2.5% [246 of 9702] vs 1.8% [114 of 6413], P = .001). Those having an operation for cancer had a similar incidence of 90-day VTE compared with those having an operation for nonmalignant processes (2.1% [128 of 6213] vs 2.3% [232 of 9902], P = .24). On adjusted analysis, older age, nonelective surgery, history of VTE, and operations for inflammatory disease were associated with increased risk of 90-day VTE (P < .05 for all). There was no significant decrease in VTE over time.Conclusions And RelevanceVenous thromboembolism rates are low and largely unchanged despite increases in perioperative and postoperative prophylaxis. These data should be considered in developing future guidelines.

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