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- M Li, D Mazilu, and K A Horvath.
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Minerva Chir. 2010 Aug 1;65(4):439-50.
AbstractMinimally invasive cardiac procedures have been investigated to reduce the risks associated with open heart surgery. With the assistance of improvements in engineering technologies such as medical imaging, surgical navigation, and robotic devices, more cardiac surgeries can be performed in a minimally invasive fashion. We have surveyed these state-of-the-art engineering technologies and the minimally invasive cardiac procedures that are benefited from these technologies.
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