• Satoshi Matsui, Atsushi Hirayama, Tetsuhisa Kitamura, Tomotaka Sobue, Takuro Hayashi, Hirokazu Takei, Naoko Tanizawa, Yasuhiro Ohnishi, Saori Kuratani, Tomohiro Sameshima, Go Yoshino, Hiroshi Kurosawa, and Ryojiro Tanaka.
• Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
• Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag. 2021 Feb 25.

AbstractTo assess whether target temperature management (TTM) is effective for 1-month survival with favorable neurological outcome among pediatric patients who achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The Japanese Association for Acute Medicine-out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (JAAM-OHCA) Registry, a multicenter prospective observational registry in Japan, included OHCA patients aged ≤17 years who achieved ROSC between June 2014 and December 2017. The primary outcome was 1-month survival with favorable neurological outcomes, defined as pediatric cerebral performance category 1 or 2. We conducted a propensity score analysis with inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting (IPTW) and evaluated the effect of TTM using logistic regression models with IPTW. A total of 167 patients [120 in the non-TTM group (71.9%) and 47 in the TTM group (28.1%)] were eligible for our analysis. The proportion of patients demonstrating 1-month survival with favorable neurological outcomes was 25.5% (12/47) in the TTM group and 16.7% (20/120) in the non-TTM group; there were no significant differences in favorable neurological outcomes (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-3.35) between the non-TTM and TTM groups after performing adjustments with IPTW. In our study population composed of pediatric patients who achieved ROSC after OHCA, we did not find a positive association between TTM implementation and 1-month survival with favorable neurological outcomes.

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