• Rafael Y Brzezinski, Ifat Vigiser, Irina Fomin, Lilach Israeli, Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty, and Amir Bar-Shai.
• Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D" and "E", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
• BMC Pulm Med. 2020 Apr 15; 20 (1): 91.

BackgroundThe most prevalent complication of percutaneous lung biopsy is pneumothorax (PNX). A routine immediate post-procedure CT scan (ICT) to spot PNX is done in many centers. However, the diagnostic yield of this practice has not been studied broadly. We sought to evaluate whether an ICT could replace the routine follow-up chest X-ray (CXR) in detecting procedure related PNX.MethodsWe examined case-records of 453 patients who underwent lung biopsy at our medical center. We analyzed findings from CXR performed 2-h after biopsy and from CT images at the site of biopsy acquired immediately after the procedure (ICT). Multivariate analysis was used to identify the risk factors for PNX, and we examined the concordance between ICT and CXR-2-h post-procedure.ResultsA total of 87 patients (19%) were diagnosed with PNX on CXR-2-h post-procedure. ICT detected 80.5% of diagnosed PNX (p <  0.01). However, ICT demonstrated a negative predictive value of only 94%, meaning 17 patients (6%) with a negative ICT did eventually develop PNX seen on CXR. Furthermore, bleeding surrounding the puncture area spotted on ICT negatively predicted the development of PNX (OR = 0.4 95% CI; 0.2-0.7).ConclusionsWe conclude that a CT scan performed immediately after percutaneous lung biopsy cannot replace the routine follow-up CXR in predicting iatrogenic PNX. Bleeding in the needle's tract may lower the risk for procedure-related PNX.

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