• European cytokine network · Sep 2020

    Review

    Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality.

    • Negar Moradian, Mahdi Gouravani, Mohammad Amin Salehi, Arash Heidari, Melika Shafeghat, Michael R Hamblin, and Nima Rezaei.
    • Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    • Eur. Cytokine Netw. 2020 Sep 1; 31 (3): 81-93.

    AbstractCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) reached pandemic proportions at the beginning of 2020 and continues to be a worldwide concern. End organ damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the leading causes of death in severely or critically ill patients. The elevated cytokine levels in severe patients in comparison with mildly affected patients suggest that cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurs in the severe form of the disease. In this paper, the significant role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, and their mechanism of action in the CRS cascade is explained. Potential therapeutic approaches involving anti-IL-6 and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies to fight COVID-19 and reduce mortality rate in severe cases are also discussed.

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