• Anna C Weiss, Ralitza Parina, Santiago Horgan, Mark Talamini, David C Chang, and Bryan Sandler.
• University of California, San Diego, Department of Surgery, San Diego, California. Electronic address: weiss@ucsd.edu.
• Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2016 Jan 1; 12 (1): 33-40.

BackgroundMost population-based studies lack long-term data, making the reporting of true mortality and outcome rates difficult. An accurate estimate of these rates in a high-risk population is critical for obtaining informed consent, especially for an elective procedure such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal outcomes of RYGB.SettingThe California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) longitudinal database.MethodsThe OSHPD longitudinal database was queried for patients who underwent RYGB between 1995 and 2009. The primary outcome was mortality rates at 1, 5, and 10 years. Secondary outcomes were marginal ulcer and reoperation. The Cox hazard proportional analysis was used to determine adjusted survival and long-term outcomes for laparoscopic RYGB compared with open RYGB.ResultsThe study included 129,432 RYGB patients. Rates of laparoscopy increased from 3% to 35% from 1995 to 2004 and then steeply increased to 80% in 2005 and to 93% in 2009. Overall mortality rate at 1, 5, and 10 years was 2.2%, 4.4%, and 8.1%, respectively; the rates of marginal ulcer were .3%, .7%, and 1%, respectively; and the reoperation rates were .3%, .8%, and 1.2%, respectively. Predictors of poor outcomes were male gender, age, smoking, alcohol, Medicare, Medi-Cal insurance, and Asian or Native American race. The laparoscopic approach was protective against death (hazard ratio [HR] 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: .63[.58-.69]) and long-term complications (HR .78[.72-.85]).ConclusionsThis longitudinal population study showed high rates of mortality following RYGB, with improved long-term outcomes when the laparoscopic approach was used.Copyright © 2016 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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