• Yong Soo Kim, Hee-Yun Chae, Han-Gil Jeong, Beom Joon Kim, Si-Un Lee, Jihoon Kang, Tackeun Kim, Jae Seung Bang, Hee-Joon Bae, Chang Wan Oh, and Moon-Ku Han.
• Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
• Neurocrit Care. 2022 Apr 1; 36 (2): 602-611.

BackgroundNoncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) markers for hematoma expansion (HE) in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are difficult to be found in small ICHs, of which can also expand. We aimed to investigate whether there were size-related differences in the prevalence of NCCT markers and their association with HE.MethodsThis retrospective analysis of prospectively collected stroke registry included 267 consecutive patients with ICH who underwent baseline NCCT within 12 h of onset. Qualitative NCCT markers, including heterogeneous density and irregular shape, were assessed. Hematoma density, defined as mean Hounsfield unit of hematoma, and hematoma volume were measured by semiautomated planimetry. Hematoma volume was categorized as small (≤ 10 ml) and large (> 10 ml). Associations of NCCT markers with HE were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analyses. The model performances of NCCT markers and hematoma density were compared using receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsHematoma expansion occurred in 29.9% of small ICHs and 35.5% of large ICHs. Qualitative NCCT markers were less frequently observed in small ICHs. Heterogeneous density, irregular shape, and hematoma density were associated with HE in small ICH (adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence interval] 3.94 [1.50-10.81], 4.23 [1.73-10.81], and 0.72 [0.60-0.84], respectively), and hematoma density was also related to HE in large ICH (0.84 [0.73-0.97). The model performance was significantly improved in small ICHs when hematoma density was added to the baseline model (DeLong's test, p = 0.02).ConclusionsThe prevalence of NCCT markers and their association with HE differed according to hematoma volume. Quantitative hematoma density was associated with HE, regardless of hematoma size.© 2021. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and Neurocritical Care Society.

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