• Che-Hsuan Kung, Wen-Wei Ku, Chi-Hung Lee, Chang-Phone Fung, Shu-Chen Kuo, Te-Li Chen, and Yi-Tzu Lee.
• Division of Infectious Diseases, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.
• J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2015 Apr 1; 48 (2): 168-74.

BackgroundExtended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing pathogens have been increasingly identified in community-onset urinary tract infection (UTI). This study was conducted to determine the epidemiology and risk factors of community-onset UTI caused by ESBL-producing pathogens, and to determine the correlation of antimicrobial resistance with ESBL detected by phenotypic and genotypic methods.MethodsThe study was conducted from December 2010 to January 2012. Patients with community-onset UTI caused by Enterobacteriaceae were enrolled from the emergency department. The production of ESBL was determined by the phenotypic method (using the combined disk test) or by the genotypic method (using polymerase chain reaction detection). The patients' medical records were reviewed and risk factors were analyzed by multivariate analysis.ResultsA total of 376 patients were enrolled and 393 isolates from urine culture were analyzed. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated species (259/393 isolates; 65.9%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (42/393 isolates; 10.7%). Fifty-three (13.5%) isolates were phenotypically positive for ESBL production. Nine (2.3%) isolates were phenotypically positive for both ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC) production. Nasogastric tube placement [odds ratio (OR) 2.230; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.244-3.997; p = 0.007] and hospitalization within the previous 3 months (OR 2.567, 95% CI 1.448-4.551, p = 0.001) were independently associated with the acquisition of ESBL-producing pathogens in community-onset UTI. The ESBL phenotype had a better correlation with resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, compared to the ESBL-positive genotype.ConclusionIn our study, nasogastric tube placement and hospitalization within the previous 3 months were significantly associated with the acquisition of ESBL-producing pathogens in community-onset UTI.Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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