• F Méchaï, C Fock-Yee, D Bouvry, A Raffetin, O Bouchaud, M Brauner, and P Y Brillet.
• Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital Avicenne, 125, route de Stalingrad, 93000 Bobigny, France; Inserm, IAME, UMR 1137, 75018 Paris, France. Electronic address: frederic.mechai@aphp.fr.
• Rev Mal Respir. 2019 Jan 1; 36 (1): 22-30.

ObjectivesTo describe the residual broncho-pulmonary lesions and evaluate the role of CT scanning at the end of treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.Materials And MethodsAnalysis of the initial and end of treatment CT scans of 56 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis according to a reading grid including parenchymatous and airways lesions. The CT data at the end of treatment were analysed in relation to the clinical and microbiological data, and the original CT scan.ResultsActive lesions (thick walled cavities and/or centrilobular micronodules) persisted in 24 patients (43%) after a mean treatment period of 7 months. The persistence of these signs of activity was correlated with the initial presence of a cavitary syndrome (p=0.027), with predominant sub-segmentary bronchial involvement, with extensive micronodular spread (p=0.024) and with bronchiectasis (p=0.04). These residual lesions were not associated with an increased risk of relapse.ConclusionThe persistence of signs of activity on the CT scan at the end of treatment of tuberculosis do not necessarily correspond to an absence of cure but to a radiological delay. This imaging is nevertheless useful to make an assessment of any subsequent changes in the bronchial tree and to estimate the risk of later complications.Copyright © 2018 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

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