• Laura A Petrillo, Ryan D McMahan, Victoria Tang, Daniel Dohan, and Rebecca L Sudore.
• Division of Palliative Care and Geriatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
• J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018 Aug 1; 66 (8): 1515-1523.

ObjectivesTo elicit decisions that diverse older adults and surrogates perceive as serious, difficult, or important and explore what helped them make those decisions.DesignFocus groups (N=13) in which participants were asked to recall serious, difficult, or important medical decisions and what helped them make those decisions.SettingClinics, support groups and senior centers.ParticipantsDiverse English- and Spanish-speaking older adults (age: mean 78, range 64-89) and surrogates (age: mean 57, range 33-76) (29% African American, 26% white, 26% Asian or Pacific Islander, 19% Hispanic) (N=69).MeasurementsWe used thematic analysis to analyze transcripts.ResultsWe identified 168 decisions. Older adults from all racial and ethnic groups frequently recalled cancer treatment decisions and decisions about chronic illness management. Surrogates described decisions about transitions in care and medical crises. Older adults valued self-sufficiency and maximizing survival and relied on personal experiences as often as medical advice. In all racial and ethnic groups, surrogates valued avoiding suffering for loved ones.ConclusionDiverse older adults and surrogates perceive life-threatening illness and day-to-day decisions about chronic disease to be serious, difficult, and important. The surrogates' goal of avoiding suffering of older adults may differ from older adults' priorities of self-sufficiency and maximizing survival. Clinicians should support older adults and surrogates in identifying important and difficult decisions and learn about the values and information sources they bring to decision-making. With this knowledge, clinicians can customize decision support and achieve person-centered care.© 2018, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2018, The American Geriatrics Society.

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