• Naoki Sakakibara, Hiroko Komatsu, Mikako Takahashi, Hideko Yamauchi, Teruo Yamauchi, and Ardith Z Doorenbos.
• Analysis Section, Center for Cancer Registries, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan. nsakakib@ncc.go.jp.
• BMC Palliat Care. 2020 Jul 9; 19 (1): 102.

BackgroundThe Barriers Questionnaire II (BQ-II) was developed to assess barriers to effective pain management. In this study, we aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the newly developed Japanese version of the BQ-II (JBQ-II).MethodsThis study used a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted an ambulatory infusion center for cancer in a general hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Participants were 120 Japanese patients with cancer and 21 Japanese health professionals with experience in pain management. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate reliability. Test-retest reliability was assessed with Spearman's intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct, criterion-related, and discriminant validity were assessed using information about pain management, daily life, mental health, and subjective health.ResultsThe Cronbach's alpha was 0.90 for the JBQ-II, and all ICCs exceeded 0.70 (P < 0.01). Factor analysis showed the JBQ-II had a virtually identical structure to the BQ-II, and path analysis supported the JBQ-II constructs. The JBQ-II was weakly correlated with poor mental state (r = 0.36, P < 0.01). Patients' JBQ-II scores were significantly higher than health professionals' scores.ConclusionThe JBQ-II is a valid and reliable measure of patient-related barriers to pain management among Japanese adult patients with cancer.

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