• Go Wakabayashi, Yukio Iwashita, Taizo Hibi, Tadahiro Takada, Steven M Strasberg, Horacio J Asbun, Itaru Endo, Akiko Umezawa, Koji Asai, Kenji Suzuki, Yasuhisa Mori, Kohji Okamoto, Henry A Pitt, Ho-Seong Han, Tsann-Long Hwang, Yoo-Seok Yoon, Dong-Sup Yoon, In-Seok Choi, Wayne Shih-Wei Huang, Mariano Eduardo Giménez, O James Garden, Dirk J Gouma, Giulio Belli, Christos Dervenis, Palepu Jagannath, ChanAngus C WACWDepartment of Surgery, Surgery Centre, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong., Wan Yee Lau, Keng-Hao Liu, Cheng-Hsi Su, Takeyuki Misawa, Masafumi Nakamura, Akihiko Horiguchi, Nobumi Tagaya, Shuichi Fujioka, Ryota Higuchi, Satoru Shikata, Yoshinori Noguchi, Tomohiko Ukai, Masamichi Yokoe, Daniel Cherqui, Goro Honda, Atsushi Sugioka, Eduardo de Santibañes, Avinash Nivritti Supe, Hiromi Tokumura, Taizo Kimura, Masahiro Yoshida, Toshihiko Mayumi, Seigo Kitano, Masafumi Inomata, Koichi Hirata, Yoshinobu Sumiyama, Kazuo Inui, and Masakazu Yamamoto.
• Department of Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
• J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018 Jan 1; 25 (1): 73-86.

AbstractIn some cases, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) may be difficult to perform in patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) with severe inflammation and fibrosis. The Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) expand the indications for LC under difficult conditions for each level of severity of AC. As a result of expanding the indications for LC to treat AC, it is absolutely necessary to avoid any increase in bile duct injury (BDI), particularly vasculo-biliary injury (VBI), which is known to occur at a certain rate in LC. Since the Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13), an attempt has been made to assess intraoperative findings as objective indicators of surgical difficulty; based on expert consensus on these difficulty indicators, bail-out procedures (including conversion to open cholecystectomy) have been indicated for cases in which LC for AC is difficult to perform. A bail-out procedure should be chosen if, when the Calot's triangle is appropriately retracted and used as a landmark, a critical view of safety (CVS) cannot be achieved because of the presence of nondissectable scarring or severe fibrosis. We propose standardized safe steps for LC to treat AC. To achieve a CVS, it is vital to dissect at a location above (on the ventral side of) the imaginary line connecting the base of the left medial section (Segment 4) and the roof of Rouvière's sulcus and to fulfill the three criteria of CVS before dividing any structures. Achieving a CVS prevents the misidentification of the cystic duct and the common bile duct, which are most commonly confused. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: http://www.jshbps.jp/modules/en/index.php?content_id=47. Related clinical questions and references are also included.© 2018 Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery.

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