• David J Briggs, Kees de Hoogh, Chloe Morris, and John Gulliver.
• Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK. d.briggs@imperial.ac.uk
• Environ Int. 2008 Jan 1; 34 (1): 12-22.

AbstractMonitoring was carried out of particulate concentrations whilst simultaneously walking and driving 48 routes in London, UK. Monitoring was undertaken during May and June 2005. Route lengths ranged from 601 to 1351 m, and most routes were travelled in both directions. Individual journey times ranged from 1.5 to 15 min by car (average 3.7 min) and 7.3 to 30 min (average 12.8 min) whilst walking; car trips were therefore repeated up to 5 times for each single walking trip and the results averaged for the route. Car trips were made with windows closed and the ventilation system on a moderate setting. Results show that mean exposures while walking are greatly in excess of those while driving, by a factor 4.7 for the coarse particle mass (PM10-PM2.5), 2.2 for the fine particle mass (PM2.5-PM1), 1.9 for the very fine particle mass (

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