• Sébastien Lachance, Jean-François Latulippe, Luc Valiquette, Gaétan Langlois, Yvan Douville, Gerald M Fried, and Carole Richard.
• Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Département de chirurgie, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: seby.lachance@gmail.com.
• J Surg Educ. 2014 Sep 1; 71 (5): 707-15.

ObjectiveQuebec was the first Canadian province to implement a 16-hour workday restriction. Our aim was to assess and compare Quebec's surgical residents' and professors' perception regarding the effects on the educational environment, quality of care, and quality of life.DesignThe Surgical Theater Educational Environment Measure, the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure, quality of the medical act, and quality-of-life questionnaires were administered 6 months after the work-hour restrictions.SettingUniversité de Montréal Surgery Department, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Université de Sherbrooke Surgery Department, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Université Laval Surgery Department, Québec, Québec, Canada; and McGill University Surgery Department, Montréal, Québec, Canada.ParticipantsSurgical residents and professors of all specialties within the 4 university surgery departments in Quebec through a voluntary web-based survey.ResultsA total of 280 questionnaires were analyzed with response rates of 29.7% and 16.4% for residents and professors, respectively. Data were coded on a scale from 2 (strong improvement perception) to -2 (strong deterioration perception). The professors perceived a higher negative effect than the residents did on the educational environment, i.e., role of autonomy (-0.399 vs. -0.577, p < 0.001), teaching (-0.496 vs. -0.540, p < 0.001), social support (-0.345 vs. -0.535, p < 0.001), and surgical learning (-0.409 vs. -0.626, p < 0.001). The professors also observed a higher negative effect on patients' safety (-0.199 vs. -0.595, p = 0.003) and quality of care (-0.077 vs. -0.421, p = 0.014). The latter was even perceived as unchanged by residents (-0.077, 95% CI: -0.249 to 0.095). The residents perceived a negative effect on their quality of life, whereas the professors believed the contrary (0.500 vs -0.496, p < 0.001). More professors than residents believed residency should be prolonged (80.8% vs. 50.6%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsResidents and professors perceive a mild negative effect on the educational environment and quality of care, whereas their perception on quality of life is opposite. The professors seem concerned about adequate training to the point of considering increasing training length.Copyright © 2014 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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