• Yvonne Deleré, Ole Wichmann, Stefanie J Klug, Marianne van der Sande, Martin Terhardt, Fred Zepp, and Thomas Harder.
• Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute Berlin, Cancer Epidemiology, University Cancer Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, RIVM-Centre Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven and Julius Centre Utrecht University, The Netherlands, Outpatient clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Ratingen, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz.
• Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2014 Sep 1; 111 (35-36): 584-91.

BackgroundThe German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) recommends vaccination against human papillomaviruses (HPV) of the high-risk types 16 and 18. The duration of protection afforded by HPV vaccines has been reported in multiple studies to date but has not been systematically evaluated.MethodSystematic literature review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of vaccination, with assessment of evidence by the GRADE criteria (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation).Results15 studies were identified: 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 5 observational studies. The RCTs included a total of 46 436 participants. The duration of follow-up was short (median, 3 years) in 8 RCTs and long (median, 6 years) in 2 RCTs. During the period of short-term follow up, the pooled efficacy of vaccination for the study endpoint of incident HPV infection (percentage of infections prevented) was 83% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 70-90% ), while the pooled efficacy against persistent HPV infection was 90% (95% CI: 79-95% ). In this period, CIN 2+ lesions were prevented with 84% efficacy (95% CI: 50-95% ), and CIN 3+ lesions with 94% efficacy (95% CI: 83-98% ). During the period of long-term follow-up, incident infections were prevented with 94% efficacy (95% CI: 80-98% ) and persistent infections with 95% efficacy (95% CI: 84-99% ). The long-term efficacy against CIN 2+ lesions was 86% (95% CI: -166-99% ). No data are available on the long-term efficacy of vaccination against CIN 3+ lesions.ConclusionLong-term observation does not indicate any loss of antiviral protection after vaccination against HPV 16 and 18, although the evidence for long-term protection is of lesser quality than that for short-term protection.

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