• Xin-Xing Hu, Zhao-Xia Yang, He-Yue Liang, Ying Ding, Robert Grimm, Cai-Xia Fu, Hui Liu, Xu Yan, Yuan Ji, Meng-Su Zeng, and Sheng-Xiang Rao.
• Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Medical Imaging Institute, Shanghai, China.
• J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017 Aug 1; 46 (2): 383-392.

PurposeTo evaluate whether whole-tumor histogram-derived parameters for an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could aid in assessing Ki-67 labeling index (LI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Materials And MethodsIn all, 57 patients with HCC who underwent pretreatment MRI with a 3T MR scanner were included retrospectively. Histogram parameters including mean, median, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and percentiles (5th , 25th , 75th , 95th ) were derived from the ADC map and MR enhancement. Correlations between histogram parameters and Ki-67 LI were evaluated and differences between low Ki-67 (≤10%) and high Ki-67 (>10%) groups were assessed.ResultsMean, median, 5th , 25th , 75th percentiles of ADC, and mean, median, 25th , 75th , 95th percentiles of enhancement of arterial phase (AP) demonstrated significant inverse correlations with Ki-67 LI (rho up to -0.48 for ADC, -0.43 for AP) and showed significant differences between low and high Ki-67 groups (P < 0.001-0.04). Areas under the receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve for identification of high Ki-67 were 0.78, 0.77, 0.79, 0.82, and 0.76 for mean, median, 5th , 25th , 75th percentiles of ADC, respectively, and 0.74, 0.81, 0.76, 0.82, 0.69 for mean, median, 25th , 75th , 95th percentiles of AP, respectively.ConclusionHistogram-derived parameters of ADC and AP were potentially helpful for predicting Ki-67 LI of HCC.Level Of Evidence3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:383-392.© 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

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