-
Annals of family medicine · Jul 2014
Risk of cardiovascular disease among postmenopausal women with prior pregnancy loss: the women's health initiative.
- Donna R Parker, Bing Lu, Megan Sands-Lincoln, Candyce H Kroenke, Cathy C Lee, Mary O'Sullivan, Hannah L Park, Nisha Parikh, Robert S Schenken, and Charles B Eaton.
- Departments of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Parker, Eaton); Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Isla... more
- Ann Fam Med. 2014 Jul 1; 12 (4): 302-9.
PurposeMetabolic, hormonal, and hemostatic changes associated with pregnancy loss (stillbirth and miscarriage) may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. This study evaluated prospectively the association between a history of pregnancy loss and CVD in a cohort of postmenopausal women.MethodsPostmenopausal women (77,701) were evaluated from 1993-1998. Information on baseline reproductive history, sociodemographic, and CVD risk factors were collected. The associations between 1 or 2 or more miscarriages and 1 or more stillbirths with occurrence of CVD were evaluated using multiple logistic regression.ResultsAmong 77,701 women in the study sample, 23,538 (30.3%) reported a history of miscarriage; 1,670 (2.2%) reported a history of stillbirth; and 1,673 (2.2%) reported a history of both miscarriage and stillbirth. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for coronary heart disease (CHD) for 1 or more stillbirths was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.07-1.51) compared with no stillbirth; for women with a history of 1 miscarriage, the OR=1.19 (95% CI, 1.08-1.32); and for 2 or more miscarriages the OR=1.18 (95% CI, 1.04-1.34) compared with no miscarriage. For ischemic stroke, the multivariable odds ratio for stillbirths and miscarriages was not significant.ConclusionsPregnancy loss was associated with CHD but not ischemic stroke. Women with a history of 1 or more stillbirths or 1 or more miscarriages appear to be at increased risk of future CVD and should be considered candidates for closer surveillance and/or early intervention; research is needed into better understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms behind the increased risk of CVD associated with pregnancy loss.© 2014 Annals of Family Medicine, Inc.
Notes