• Robert Lawrence Fogerty, Tara Michelle Rizzo, and Leora Idit Horwitz.
• Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208093, 367 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8093, USA, robert.fogerty@yale.edu.
• Intern Emerg Med. 2014 Aug 1; 9 (5): 529-35.

AbstractTransfers of care have been associated with adverse events. High quality sign-out may help mitigate this risk. The authors sought to characterize the clinical questions asked of physicians covering patients overnight and to determine the adequacy of current sign-out practice to anticipate inquiries. The authors conducted a prospective, self-report study of interns' overnight experience at two hospitals. We collected data from novice interns (July 7-August 3, 2010) and experienced interns (March 2-March 29, 2011) in an Internal Medicine residency program. Interns recorded information about overnight inquiries regarding cross-covered patients. For each inquiry about a patient, the intern was asked to record what the situation was about, who initiated the contact, where the intern found the desired information, whether all required data was located, whether the call could have been anticipated by the primary team, if so, whether the call was anticipated, whether the sign-out was sufficient, the time required to address the question, and whether the patient was physically visited. Twenty-one interns (13 novice, 8 experienced) reported 167 overnight inquiries. Most were from nursing staff (87%) about a wide range of topics, with orders (25%) and plan of care (20%) being most common. Trainees used the oral or written sign-out to answer 56% of inquiries. The proportion of inquiries successfully anticipated (47% overall) significantly decreased as the academic year progressed (AOR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2, 0.8). Trainees rely on sign-out to answer nearly half of overnight inquiries, but the quality of sign-out may decrease over the course of the academic year. The deterioration of sign-out quality from novice to experienced interns and the common use of sign-out as a reference by covering interns suggest continued education, support and oversight by supervising physicians may be beneficial.

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