• Gabriel Assis Lopes Carmo, Daniela Calderaro, Danielle Menosi Gualandro, Ivan Benaduce Casella, Pai Ching Yu, André Coelho Marques, and Bruno Caramelli.
• Interdisciplinary Medicine in Cardiology Unit, Instituto do Coração (InCor), São Paulo University Medical School (USP), Avenida Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 44, Anexo II, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil, gabriel_carmo@yahoo.com.br.
• Intern Emerg Med. 2014 Mar 1; 9 (2): 133-42.

AbstractStroke is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and, for a long time, was the leading cause of death in developed countries. Atherothrombotic carotid stenosis is one of the most important etiologies behind this event. If properly recognized and treated, lives can be saved, as well as long-term disabilities prevented. With population aging and improvements in surgical and clinical care, patients with several comorbidities will be referred for revascularization procedures more frequently, posing a challenge for physicians. The purpose of this review is to provide internists and clinicians with information based on several studies so they can offer to their patients, the best evidence-based care, indicating appropriate medical therapy, as well as referral to a vascular surgeon, or what contraindicates endarterectomy or angioplasty, depending on individual characteristics.

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