• Youngmok Park, KimChi YoungCYDivision of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea., Moo Suk Park, Young Sam Kim, Joon Chang, and Young Ae Kang.
• Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
• Korean J. Intern. Med. 2020 Nov 1; 35 (6): 1424-1431.

Background/AimsThe incidence rate of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is increasing worldwide. However, data regarding the age- and sex-specific epidemiology of NTM-PD are limited. This study aimed to investigate the long-term epidemiologic trends of NTM-PD within the recent 11- year period in a tertiary referral hospital in Korea.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients diagnosed with NTM-PD between January 2006 and December 2016 at Severance Hospital, South Korea.ResultsThere were 1,017 incident cases with NTM-PD during the study period. The mean age was 62.7 years, and 41.2% were men. Women were younger than men (59.9 years vs. 66.7 years, p < 0.001) and a higher proportion of women had bronchiectasis (88.6% vs. 77.1%, p < 0.001). The incidence rates of NTM-PD annually increased by 14% (95% confidence interval, 10% to 19%) from 1.2 in 2006 to 4.8 in 2016 (per 100,000 patients-year). The peak incidence rate was in the 50s for women and in the 70s for men, except for those aged ≥ 80 years. Mycobacterium avium complex was the most common causative species of NTM-PD (63.6%).ConclusionThe incidence rate of NTM-PD in a tertiary referral hospital in South Korea continued to increase from 2006 to 2016. Furthermore, there were age- and sex-related differences in the clinical characteristics, which might contribute to understanding the nature of the disease and inherited and acquired host factors.

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