• Lena Jonasson, Hans Guldbrand, Anna K Lundberg, and Fredrik H Nystrom.
• Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University , SE-581 85 Linköping , Sweden.
• Ann. Med. 2014 May 1; 46 (3): 182187182-7.

BackgroundInflammation may play an important role in type 2 diabetes. It has been proposed that dietary strategies can modulate inflammatory activity.MethodsWe investigated the effects of diet on inflammation in type 2 diabetes by comparing a traditional low-fat diet (LFD) with a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD). Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to follow either LFD aiming for 55-60 energy per cent (E%) from carbohydrates (n = 30) or LCD aiming for 20 E% from carbohydrates (n = 29). Plasma was collected at baseline and after 6 months. C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-6, tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) 1 and TNFR2 were determined.ResultsBoth LFD and LCD led to similar reductions in body weight, while beneficial effects on glycaemic control were observed in the LCD group only. After 6 months, the levels of IL-1Ra and IL-6 were significantly lower in the LCD group than in the LFD group, 978 (664-1385) versus 1216 (974-1822) pg/mL and 2.15 (1.65-4.27) versus 3.39 (2.25-4.79) pg/mL, both P < 0.05.ConclusionsTo conclude, advice to follow LCD or LFD had similar effects on weight reduction while effects on inflammation differed. Only LCD was found significantly to improve the subclinical inflammatory state in type 2 diabetes.

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