• Medicina · Sep 2021

    Review

    Muscle Regeneration and Function in Sports: A Focus on Vitamin D.

    • Giovanni Iolascon, Antimo Moretti, Marco Paoletta, Sara Liguori, and Ombretta Di Munno.
    • Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy.
    • Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Sep 25; 57 (10).

    AbstractMuscle is one of the main targets for the biological effects of vitamin D. This hormone modulates several functions of skeletal muscles, from development to tissue repair after injury, through genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. Vitamin D deficiency and supplementation seem to significantly affect muscle strength in different populations, including athletes, although optimal serum 25(OH)D3 level for sport performance has not been defined so far. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency results in myopathy characterized by fast-twitch fiber atrophy, fatty infiltration, and fibrosis. However, less is known about regenerative effects of vitamin D supplementation after sport-related muscle injuries. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is particularly expressed in the embryonic mesoderm during intrauterine life and in satellite cells at all stages of life for recovery of the skeletal muscle after injury. Vitamin D supplementation enhances muscle differentiation, growth, and regeneration by increasing the expression of myogenic factors in satellite cells. The objective of this narrative review is to describe the role of vitamin D in sport-related muscle injury and tissue regeneration.

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