• Tiago Guedes da Motta Mattar, SantosGustavo Bispo DosGBD0000-0002-4774-8935Divisao de Cirurgia da Mao e Microcirurgia Reconstrutiva, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (IOT), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,, TellesJoão Paulo MotaJPM0000-0001-9322-0405Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR., Marcelo Rosa de Rezende, Teng Hsiang Wei, and Rames Mattar Júnior.
• Divisao de Cirurgia da Mao e Microcirurgia Reconstrutiva, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (IOT), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR.
• Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2021 Jan 1; 76: e3194.

ObjectivesThis study proposed a structured microsurgical training program and evaluated it with the assistance of a large sample of surgeons.MethodsThe practical course comprised 16 sessions of approximately 4 hours each. This included two sessions for suturing rubber gloves and two sessions for suturing arteries, veins, and nerves in chicken thighs. The other sessions were performed on the femoral vessels of rats: 5 sessions for end-to-end arterial anastomosis, 5 for end-to-end venous anastomosis, 1 for arterial grafting, and 1 for end-to-side anastomosis. We conducted a structured assessment of the microsurgical skills in each training session.ResultsIn this study, 89 surgeons were evaluated. The mean scores for the different procedures were as follows: glove suturing, 33.3±0.59; chicken nerve end-to-end anastomosis, 40.3±0.49; chicken artery suturing, 40.9±0.36; chicken vein suturing, 42.3±0.36; graft interposition, 44.8±0.7; and end-to-side anastomosis, 43.7±0.63 (p<0.05 for all). The chicken thigh suturing scores were significantly higher than the rubber gloves suturing scores (p<0.01). There were no differences between scores of the rat artery and chicken thigh suturing procedures (p=0.24). The rat venous anastomosis scores were higher than the rat arterial anastomosis scores (p=0.02), as were graft interposition scores when compared with end-to-end venous anastomosis scores. The end-to-side anastomosis scores did not differ significantly from the grafting scores (p=0.85). The most common errors were inadequate knotting technique and suture rupture due to inadequate technique (both n=88 [98.9%]).ConclusionWe propose a 16-step, progressive microsurgical training program to learn the basic microsurgical techniques comprehensively and reliably. The program was evaluated in a large sample of trainees, and it demonstrated the adequacy of the training sequence and results.

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