• L Máiz, R Girón, C Olveira, M Vendrell, R Nieto, and M A Martínez-García.
• Pneumology Service, Chronic Bronchial Infection, Cystic Fibrosis and Bronchiectasis Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9,100, 28034, Madrid, Spain. luis.maiz@salud.madrid.org.
• Bmc Infect Dis. 2016 Aug 22; 16 (1): 437.

BackgroundData on the prevalence of and factors associated with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in patients with non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis are limited. Our aim was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with isolation of NTM in this population.MethodsWe performed a multicenter observational study of historical cohorts comprising consecutive patients with non-CF bronchiectasis and at least 2 sputum samples cultured for mycobacteria over a period of 5 years.ResultsThe study population included 218 adult patients (61.9 % women) with a mean (SD) age of 55.7 (16) years and a mean (SD) of 5.1 (3.3) cultures/patient. NTM was isolated from sputum in 18 patients (8.3 %). Of these, 5 patients (28 %) met the American Thoracic Society criteria for NTM disease. Mycobacterium avium complex was the most frequently isolated microorganism (9 patients, 4.1 %). The variables independently associated with isolation of NTM were FVC ≥ 75 % predicted (OR, 4.84; 95 % CI 1.47 to 15.9; p < 0.05), age ≥ 50 years (OR, 4.74; 95 % CI 1.25 to 17.97; p < 0.05), and body mass index (BMI) ≤ 23 kg/m(2) (OR, 2.97; 95 % CI 1.03-8.58; p < 0.05). Patients with these three characteristics had a 40 % probability of having at least one isolation of NMT.ConclusionsA significant number of patients with non-CF bronchiectasis are positive for the isolation of NTM. M. avium complex is the most frequently isolated mycobacteria. FVC ≥ 75 % predicted, age ≥ 50 years, and a BMI ≤ 23 kg/m(2) were independently associated with the presence of NTM in patients with non-CF bronchiectasis.

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