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- Eric G Post, Stephanie M Trigsted, Jeremy W Riekena, Scott Hetzel, Timothy A McGuine, M Alison Brooks, and David R Bell.
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
- Am J Sports Med. 2017 May 1; 45 (6): 1405-1412.
BackgroundRecommendations exist to encourage safe youth participation in sport. These recommendations include not specializing in 1 sport, limiting participation to less than 8 months per year, and limiting participation to fewer hours per week than a child's age. However, limited evidence exists to support or refute these recommendations.HypothesisHigh levels of specialization will be associated with a history of injuries and especially overuse injuries, independent of age, sex, or weekly sport training hours. Athletes who exceed current sport volume recommendations will be more likely to have a history of injuries and overuse injuries.Study DesignCase-control study; Level of evidence, 3.MethodsYouth athletes (n = 2011; 989 female and 1022 male; 12-18 years of age) completed a questionnaire regarding their specialization status, yearly and weekly sport participation volume, and injury history. Specialization was classified as low, moderate, or high using a previously utilized 3-point scale. Athletes were classified into groups based on either meeting or exceeding current volume recommendations (months per year and hours per week). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated to investigate associations of specialization and volume of participation with a history of sport-related injuries in the past year ( P ≤ .05).ResultsHighly specialized athletes were more likely to report a previous injury of any kind ( P < .001; OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.26-2.02) or an overuse injury ( P = .011; OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.07-1.99) in the previous year compared with athletes in the low specialization group. Athletes who played their primary sport more than 8 months of the year were more likely to report an upper extremity overuse injury ( P = .04; OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.06-2.80) or a lower extremity overuse injury ( P = .001; OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.22-2.30). Athletes who participated in their primary sport for more hours per week than their age (ie, a 16-year-old athlete who participated in his or her primary sport for more than 16 h/wk) were more likely to report an injury of any type ( P = .001; OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.12-1.61) in the previous year.ConclusionHigh levels of specialization were associated with a history of injuries, independent of age, sex, and weekly organized sport volume. Athletes who exceeded volume recommendations were more likely to have a history of overuse injuries.Clinical RelevanceParents and youth athletes should be aware of the risks of specialization and excessive sport volume to maximize safe sport participation.
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