• Lan Wu, Shouming Chen, Xiaoqin Jiang, Yan Cheng, and Wensheng Zhang.
• Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
• Pain Physician. 2021 Nov 1; 24 (7): E1155-E1162.

BackgroundPost-dural puncture headache (PDPH), or spinal headache, is the most common serious complication resulting from iatrogenic puncture of the dura during epidural or spinal anesthesia and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in pregnant women.ObjectiveTo analyze the effectiveness and safety of opioids as a prophylaxis approach in treating obstetric patients who underwent unintentional dural puncture during the initiation of neuraxial anesthesia.Study DesignA systematice review and meta-analysis.SettingNo restriction regarding study type.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were searched for available papers published up to September 2020.ResultsAccording to the eligibility criteria, 10 studies were included with post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) incidence as the primary outcome and the number of epidural blood patch (EBP) required as the second outcome. The risk estimates of each study were reported as odds ratios (ORs). The results showed morphine does not decrease the incidence of PDPH (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.15 - 1.34, P = 0.153, I2 = 74.4%, Pheterogeneity = 0.004) and the use of EBP (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.08 - 1.95, P = 0.259, I2=73.7%, Pheterogeneity = 0.004). Fentanyl does not decrease the incidence of PDPH (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.01-13.77, P = 0.576, I2 = 81.0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.022).LimitationsThe small number of included studies, high heterogeneity, and variety in study designs.ConclusionsExposure to opioids for any reason after the diagnosis of unintentional dural puncture is not associated with a reduced risk of PDPH and does not decrease the need for therapeutic EBP.

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