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- Anika K Anam and Karl Insogna.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale Bone Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, FMP 107, PO Box 208020, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. Electronic address: anika.anam@yale.edu.
- Med. Clin. North Am. 2021 Nov 1; 105 (6): 1117-1134.
AbstractOsteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to an increased risk of fragility fractures. Central dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements are the gold standard for determining bone mineral density. A well-balanced diet containing adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D, exercise, smoking cessation, and limited alcohol intake are important to maintain bone health. Pharmacologic agents should be recommended in postmenopausal women who are at high risk for fractures. Newer anabolic therapies including teriparatide, abaloparatide, and romosozumab have emerged for use in severe osteoporosis.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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