• Vijay Kumar Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, David Warren Spence, Md Dilshad Manzar, Deepa Burman, and Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal.
• Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada. Vijay.chattu@mail.utoronto.ca.
• J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2019 Dec 1; 6 (6): 1053-1061.

AbstractSleep duration in the USA has declined continually during the second half of the twentieth century, before reaching a plateau in the early twenty-first century. However, not everyone has been equally affected by this continuous decline. Epidemiological studies indicate that ethnic minorities are sleeping even less than those in the general population. Today, Americans are sleeping, on average, for 6 h. This is significantly below the minimum recommended sleep duration of at least 7 h a day. This insufficiency of sleep duration, however, is not evenly distributed in the population, and different racial and ethnic minority groups are known to have an increased risk of experiencing shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality than their White peers. In tandem with this disproportionate decline in sleep duration are similar racial and ethnic disparities in overall health. This paper explores the differences in sleep duration and quality which exist for different ethnic groups, the probable causes behind such inequities, and their relationship to the growth of specific disease conditions. This review also considers sleep disorders in various racial and ethnic groups, and how these disorders are related to health outcomes. Finally, we discuss some of the implications of these differences, and particularly their clinical relevance, and recommend ways in which they might be addressed.

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