• Iain Keir, Jennifer Daly, Jamie Haggerty, and Christine Guenther.
• From the Center for Critical Care Nephrology, The CRISMA (Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260.
• J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2016 Jul 1; 26 (4): 598-602.

ObjectiveTo describe the effects of high flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) in canine patients failing traditional oxygen therapy (TOT).DesignRetrospective study.SettingPrivate referral practice.AnimalsSix client-owned dogs with primary pulmonary hypoxemia.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsHigh flow oxygen was delivered by high flow nasal prongs to dogs assessed clinically to be failing TOTs. HFOT was able to significantly improve PaO2 compared to TOT in severely hypoxemic dogs (median, 133.75 mm Hg; range, 109.2-304.8) versus median 61.85 mm Hg (range, 52.3-71.8; xsP = 0.0412). Flow rates were significantly higher with HFOT compared to TOT (median, 688 mL/kg/min; range, 523-1,667 mL/kg/min) versus median 122 mL/kg/min (range, 80-208; P = 0.0412). Complications included patient discomfort requiring light sedation in 1/6 dogs and persistence of a pneumothorax in 1 dog. Hypoxemia resolved in 4/6 dogs.ConclusionThese data suggest HFOT is a viable clinical intervention for dogs with moderate-to-severe hypoxemia assessed to be failing TOT. Further studies are needed to determine if HFOT can be used as an alternative to mechanical ventilation in resource limited settings and to characterize the complications associated with this therapy.© Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society 2016.

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