• Barbara Elisabeth Ursula Burkhardt, Cristina Menghini, Beate Rücker, Christian Johannes Kellenberger, and Emanuela Regina Valsangiacomo Buechel.
• Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Center, Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
• J Magn Reson Imaging. 2020 Mar 1; 51 (3): 897-903.

BackgroundT1 mapping is useful to quantify diffuse myocardial processes such as fibrosis, edema, storage disorders, or hemochromatosis. Normal pediatric myocardial T1 values are scarce using modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequences and unavailable using Smart1Map, a single-point saturation recovery sequence that measures true T1 .Purpose/HypothesisTo establish normal pediatric myocardial T1 values by Smart1Map and to compare them with T1 by MOLLI.Study TypeProspective cohort study.SubjectsThirty-four children and adolescents aged 8-18 years (14 males) without cardiovascular or inflammatory diseases.Field Strength/Sequences1.5T, MOLLI, Smart1Map.AssessmentMean T1 values of the left ventricular myocardium, the interventricular septum, and the blood pool were measured with MOLLI and Smart1Map in basal, mid-ventricular, and apical short axis slices.Statistical TestsT1 values were compared between locations and methods by paired samples t-tests, Wilcoxon signed ranks test, repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), or Friedman's test. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated. For interobserver variability, intraclass correlation coefficients and coefficients of variation were calculated, and Bland-Altman analyses were performed.ResultsT1 values were longer by Smart1Map than by MOLLI in all measured locations (myocardium: 1191-1221 vs. 990-1042 msec; all P < 0.001). T1 in basal vs. mid-ventricular slices differed both by MOLLI and by Smart1Map for myocardium and for blood (all P < 0.001). Myocardial T1 did not correlate with age, heart rate, right or left ventricular ejection fraction (all P > 0.05) by either method. Septal vs. total myocardial T1 values in each slice did not differ by MOLLI (basal P = 0.371; mid-ventricular P = 0.08; apical P = 0.378) nor by Smart1Map (basal P = 0.056; mid-ventricular P = 0.918; apical P = 0. 392), after artifacts had been carefully excluded.Data ConclusionWe established pediatric normal native T1 values using the Smart1Map sequence and compared the results with T1 mapping with MOLLI. Septal T1 values did not differ from total myocardial T1 values in each of the myocardial slices.Level Of Evidence2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:897-903.© 2019 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

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