• Eveline L van Velthuijsen, ZwakhalenSandra M GSMGCare and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) and Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands., Wubbo J Mulder, VerheyFrans R JFRJAlzheimer Center Limburg, MHeNS School for Mental Health and NeuroScience, Maastricht, The Netherlands.Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands., and KempenGertrudis I J MGIJMCare and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) and Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands..
• Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) and Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
• Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018 Nov 1; 33 (11): 1521-1529.

ObjectivesThe objectives of the study are to study daily hospital practice regarding detection and management and to study hyperactive and hypoactive delirium of older patients during their hospitalization.MethodsA retrospective cohort study evaluating care as usual for older hospitalized patients with delirium at Maastricht University Medical Center+, a university hospital in the Netherlands, was performed. Inclusion criteria were older hospitalized patients (65+ years), diagnosed with delirium between 1 January and 31 December 2014. Data were retrieved from the patients' medical files. Delirium was categorized as hyperactive or hypoactive. Primary outcome measures were prevalence and management (pharmacological, reorientation, screening for delirium and delirium consultations, and physical restraints). Secondary outcomes were short-term adverse outcomes.ResultsPrevalence of delirium was 5% (N = 401), of which 77% (n = 307) was hyperactive and 23% (n = 94) was hypoactive. Significantly, more patients with a hyperactive delirium received medication to manage the delirium than patients with a hypoactive delirium (89% vs. 77%, respectively, p = 0.004). No other significant differences between the subtypes were found.ConclusionThere was probably a strong under-recognition of delirium. Drugs were the main intervention of choice, especially for patients with hyperactive delirium. The two subtypes did not differ on non-pharmacological management. The retrospective nature of this study sheds light on the status quo of recognition, management, and care as usual for the different delirium subtypes in daily hospital practice, which may help in forming new guidelines and protocols for the detection and treatment of delirium for older patients in hospitals.© 2017 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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