• Clin Obstet Gynecol · Sep 2015

    Review

    Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy: Physiology, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment Considerations.

    • Ahinoam Lev-Sagie.
    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
    • Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Sep 1; 58 (3): 476-91.

    AbstractVulvovaginal atrophy is a common condition associated with decreased estrogenization of the vaginal tissue. Symptoms include vaginal dryness, irritation, itching, soreness, burning, dyspareunia, discharge, urinary frequency, and urgency. It can occur at any time in a woman's life cycle, although more commonly in the postmenopausal phase, during which the prevalence is approximately 50%. Despite the high prevalence and the substantial effect on quality of life, vulvovaginal atrophy often remains underreported and undertreated. This article aims to review the physiology, clinical presentation, assessment, and current recommendations for treatment, including aspects of effectiveness and safety of local vaginal estrogen therapies.

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