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Urologia internationalis · Jan 2016
Case ReportsThree Unusual Cases of Nutcracker Syndrome Caused by Increased Blood Flow within the Left Renal Vein.
- Caterina Gaudiano, Simone Pucci, Fiorenza Busato, Maddalena Di Carlo, Riccardo Schiavina, Valerio Vagnoni, Cristian Vincenzo Pultrone, Beniamino Corcioni, and Rita Golfieri.
- Department of Radiology, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
- Urol. Int. 2016 Jan 1; 96 (4): 484-7.
AbstractNutcracker syndrome (NCS) refers to the compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. It can cause both microscopic and gross haematuria, with or without flank pain. The diagnosis is often delayed in a majority of symptomatic patients. On the other hand, the use of CT in routine abdominal explorations has increased the detection of the compression of the LRV in healthy and asymptomatic patients, but its diagnostic value remains uncertain. In this paper, we report 3 cases of the NCS associated with an increased blood flow in the LRV, due to different conditions, which we believe could produce the appearance of clinical symptoms. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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