• Yu-Ting Jiang, Tian-Yue Zhang, Dan-Dan Guo, and Rui Li.
• Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Nov 19; 100 (46): e27873e27873.

RationaleSclerosing thymoma (ST) is quite a rare disease, as denoted in previous literature. Less than 20 cases of ST have been reported to date. However, the combined thymoma, composed of both type AB thymoma and ST, has never been described before.Patient ConcernsThe subject, a 49-year-old woman, came in with the chief complaint of cough for 10 days.DiagnosesBoth the contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan and the ultrasonography showed a huge mass located in the right thoracic cavity with inhomogeneous contrast accompanied by the invasion of the pericardium and pleura. Subsequently, computed tomography-guided core-needle biopsy revealed type B2 thymoma, and type AB thymoma could not be excluded. Based on postsurgical histopathology and immunohistochemical finding, this tumor was given the final diagnosis of ST and type AB thymoma.InterventionsAfter 6 months of adjuvant chemotherapy and local radiotherapy, total thymectomy was performed.OutcomesThe patient has been duly followed up for 1 year without any tumor recurrence.LessonsST is a very rare mediastinal neoplasm. Moreover, ST in combination with AB thymoma and affecting a large area, is unprecedented. Whether radiotherapy and chemotherapy have a certain effect on ST requires further investigation. In addition, due to the unclear recurrence rate of ST, long-term follow-up evaluation seems necessary.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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