• Gopi J Astik and OlsonAndrew P JAPJDepartment of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 284, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA..
• Division of Hospital Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 211 East Ontario Street, Suite 1300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: gastik@nm.org.
• Crit Care Clin. 2022 Jan 1; 38 (1): 103-112.

AbstractIdentification of diagnostic errors is difficult but is not alone sufficient for performance improvement. Instead, cases must be reflected on to identify ways to improve decision-making in the future. There are many tools and modalities to retrospectively reflect on action to study medical decisions and outcomes and improve future performance. Reflection in action-in which diagnostic decisions are considered in real-time-may also improve medical decision-making especially through strategies such as structured reflection. Ongoing regular feedback can normalize the discussion about improving decision-making, enable reflective practice, and improve decision making.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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