• Martina Studer, Barbara Goeggel Simonetti, Theda Heinks, Maja Steinlin, Alexander Leichtle, Steffen Berger, and Alexander Joeris.
• a Department of Paediatric Neurology , Development & Rehabilitation, University Children's Hospital Bern , Bern , Switzerland .
• Brain Inj. 2015 Jan 1; 29 (13-14): 1667-73.

ObjectiveThis study explored whether acute serum marker S100B is related with post-concussive symptoms (PCS) and neuropsychological performance 4 months after paediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).Research Design And MethodsThis prospective short-term longitudinal study investigated children (aged 6-16 years) with mTBI (n = 36, 16 males) and children with orthopaedic injuries (OI, n = 27, 18 males) as a control group. S100B in serum was measured during the acute phase and was correlated with parent-rated PCS and neuropsychological performance 4 months after the injury.Main Outcomes And ResultsThe results revealed no between-group difference regarding acute S100B serum concentration. In children after mTBI, group-specific significant Spearman correlations were found between S100B and post-acute cognitive PCS (r = 0.54, p = 0.001) as well as S100B and verbal memory performance (r = -0.47, p = 0.006). In children after OI, there were insignificant positive relations between S100B and post-acute somatic PCS. In addition, insignificant positive correlations were found between neuropsychological outcome and S100B in children after OI.ConclusionsS100B was not specific for mild brain injuries and may also be elevated after OI. The group-specific association between S100B and ongoing cognitive PCS in children after mTBI should motivate to examine further the role of S100B as a diagnostic biomarker in paediatric mTBI.

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