• Ibukun Adeleke, Christina Chae, Obianuju Okocha, and BobbieJean Sweitzer.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg 5-704, 251 East Huron Street Chicago 60611, IL, USA. Electronic address: Ibukunoluwa.Adeleke@nm.org.
• Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2021 Dec 1; 35 (4): 517-529.

AbstractVarious risk stratification tools are used to predict patients' risk of adverse outcomes. Most of these tools are based on type of surgery and patient comorbidities. Accuracy of risk prediction is improved when additional factors such as functional capacity are included. However, these tools are limited because data are obtained from specific patient populations, are simplified to aid ease of use, and do not account for improved treatment modalities that occur over time. Risk estimation allows for shared decision-making among the perioperative care team and the patient, for perioperative planning, and for opportunity for risk mitigation. Technological advancement in data collection will likely improve existing risk assessment and allow development of new options. Future research should focus on establishing and standardizing perioperative outcomes that include meaningful patient-centric considerations such as quality of life. We review available stratification tools and important risk assessment biomarkers that address the most common causes of adverse outcomes.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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