• Pan He, Chi Wu, Yanyan Yang, Jijian Zheng, Wei Dong, Junzheng Wu, Ying Sun, and Mazhong Zhang.
• Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
• Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2021 Jun 1; 56 (6): 1724-1732.

ObjectivesTo assess the effects of postural lung recruitment maneuvers on the postoperative atelectasis assessed by lung ultrasound (LUS) compared with supine position recruitment maneuvers in children undergoing right lateral thoracotomy cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.MethodsIn this randomized and controlled trial, 84 patients aged 3 years or younger, scheduled for right lateral thoracotomy cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were randomly allocated to postural lung recruitment group or control group. The first LUS exam was performed immediately upon completion of the cardiac surgery (T1), and a repeat ultrasound exam started 1 min after lung recruitment maneuvers (T2). The primary outcome was the incidence of significant atelectasis at T2.ResultsThe incidence of significant atelectasis at T2 in the postural lung recruitment maneuver group was lower compared with that in the control group (30.2% vs. 58.1%; odds ratio: 0.31; 95% confidence interval: 0.13-0.76; p = .009). The LUS scores for consolidations and B-lines of the left lung were higher than those of the right lung in both groups at T1. More significant reduction of the left LUS scores and sizes of atelectatic areas were found in the postural lung recruitment group than those in the control group.ConclusionsPostoperative postural recruitment maneuver was more effective to improve reaeration of lung than supine position recruitment maneuver in children undergoing right lateral thoracotomy cardiac surgery with CPB.© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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