• Thais T Fink, Heloisa H S Marques, Bruno Gualano, Livia Lindoso, Vera Bain, Camilla Astley, Fernanda Martins, Denise Matheus, Olivia M Matsuo, Priscila Suguita, Vitor Trindade, Camila S Y Paula, FarhatSylvia C LSCL0000-0003-4036-5226Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR., Patricia Palmeira, Gabriela N Leal, Lisa Suzuki, Vicente Odone Filho, Magda Carneiro-Sampaio, Alberto José S Duarte, Leila Antonangelo, Linamara R Batisttella, Guilherme V Polanczyk, PereiraRosa Maria RRMR0000-0002-3723-5028Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR., Carlos Roberto R Carvalho, Carlos A Buchpiguel, Ana Claudia L Xavier, Marilia Seelaender, Clovis Artur Silva, Maria Fernanda B Pereira, HC-FMUSP Pediatric Post-COVID-19 Study Group, SallumAdriana M EAMEHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, BR., Alexandra V M Brentani, Álvaro José S Neto, Amanda Ihara, Andrea R Santos, Ana Pinheiro M Canton, Andreia Watanabe, Angélica C Dos Santos, Antonio C Pastorino, Bernadette D G M Franco, Bruna Caruzo, Carina Ceneviva, Carolina C M F Martins, Danilo Prado, Deipara M Abellan, Fabiana B Benatti, Fabiana Smaria, Fernanda T Gonçalves, Fernando D Penteado, CastroGabriela S F deGSFHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, BR., Guilherme S Gonçalves, Hamilton Roschel, Ilana R Disi, Isabela G Marques, Inar A Castro, Izabel M Buscatti, Jaline Z Faiad, Jarlei Fiamoncini, Joaquim C Rodrigues, Jorge D A Carneiro, Jose A Paz, Juliana C Ferreira, Juliana C O Ferreira, Katia R Silva, Karina L M Bastos, Katia Kozu, Lilian M Cristofani, Lucas V B Souza, Lucia M A Campos, Luiz Vicente R F Silva Filho, Marcelo T Sapienza, Marcos S Lima, Marlene P Garanito, Márcia F A Santos, Mayra B Dorna, Nadia E Aikawa, Nadia Litvinov, Neusa K Sakita, Paula V V Gaiolla, Paula Pasqualucci, Ricardo K Toma, Simone Correa-Silva, Sofia M Sieczkowska, Marta Imamura, Silvana Forsait, Vera A Santos, and Yingying Zheng.
• Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR.
• Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2021 Jan 1; 76: e3511e3511.

ObjectivesTo prospectively evaluate demographic, anthropometric and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsThis was a longitudinal observational study of surviving pediatric post-COVID-19 patients (n=53) and pediatric subjects without laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 included as controls (n=52) was performed.ResultsThe median duration between COVID-19 diagnosis (n=53) and follow-up was 4.4 months (0.8-10.7). Twenty-three of 53 (43%) patients reported at least one persistent symptom at the longitudinal follow-up visit and 12/53 (23%) had long COVID-19, with at least one symptom lasting for >12 weeks. The most frequently reported symptoms at the longitudinal follow-up visit were headache (19%), severe recurrent headache (9%), tiredness (9%), dyspnea (8%), and concentration difficulty (4%). At the longitudinal follow-up visit, the frequencies of anemia (11% versus 0%, p=0.030), lymphopenia (42% versus 18%, p=0.020), C-reactive protein level of >30 mg/L (35% versus 0%, p=0.0001), and D-dimer level of >1000 ng/mL (43% versus 6%, p=0.0004) significantly reduced compared with baseline values. Chest X-ray abnormalities (11% versus 2%, p=0.178) and cardiac alterations on echocardiogram (33% versus 22%, p=0.462) were similar at both visits. Comparison of characteristic data between patients with COVID-19 at the longitudinal follow-up visit and controls showed similar age (p=0.962), proportion of male sex (p=0.907), ethnicity (p=0.566), family minimum monthly wage (p=0.664), body mass index (p=0.601), and pediatric pre-existing chronic conditions (p=1.000). The Pediatric Quality of Live Inventory 4.0 scores, median physical score (69 [0-100] versus 81 [34-100], p=0.012), and school score (60 [15-100] versus 70 [15-95], p=0.028) were significantly lower in pediatric patients with COVID-19 at the longitudinal follow-up visit than in controls.ConclusionsPediatric patients with COVID-19 showed a longitudinal impact on HRQoL parameters, particularly in physical/school domains, reinforcing the need for a prospective multidisciplinary approach for these patients. These data highlight the importance of closer monitoring of children and adolescents by the clinical team after COVID-19.

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