• Lian He, Anjing Lu, Lin Qin, Qianru Zhang, Hua Ling, Daopeng Tan, and Yuqi He.
• The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Minstry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
• Ann Transl Med. 2021 Oct 1; 9 (20): 1598.

ObjectiveThis review aimed to summarize the application of single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology in liver diseases.BackgroundThe increasing application of single-cell ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing (scRNA-seq) in life science and biomedical research has greatly improved our understanding of cellular heterogeneity in immunology, oncology, and developmental biology. scRNA-seq has proven to be a powerful tool for identifying and classifying cell subsets, characterizing rare or small cell subsets and tracking cell differentiation along the dynamic cell stages. Globally, liver disease has high rates of morbidity and mortality, and its exact pathological mechanism remains unclear, current treatment options are limited to clearance of the underlying cause or liver transplantation, which cannot overwhelm and cure liver diseases. scRNA-seq provides many novel insights for healthy and diseased livers.MethodsIn this review, we searched for related articles in the PubMed database and summarized the advances of scRNA-seq in revealing the molecular mechanisms of liver development, regeneration, and disease. We also discussed the challenges and future application potential of scRNA-seq, which is expected to enhance the ability to explore the field of liver research and accelerate the clinical application of liver precision medicine.ConclusionsWith the continuous improvement of scRNA-seq technology, scRNA-seq is expected to unlock new avenues for liver biology exploration, liver disease diagnosis, and personalized treatment, which will pave the way for breakthrough innovation in personalized medicine.2021 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.

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