• World Neurosurg · Nov 2011

    Comparative Study Biography Historical Article

    Santiago Ramón y Cajal and Harvey Cushing: two forefathers of neuroscience and neurosurgery.

    • Grettel J Zamora-Berridi, Courtney Pendleton, Gabriel Ruiz, Aaron A Cohen-Gadol, and Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa.
    • University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
    • World Neurosurg. 2011 Nov 1; 76 (5): 466-76.

    ObjectiveTo summarize the extraordinary accomplishments, and the commonalities, between Santiago Ramon y Cajal and Harvey Williams Cushing.MethodsExisting literature describing the lives and achievements of Ramón y Cajal and Cushing, as well as personal communication, and the surgical records of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, from 1896 to 1912, were reviewed.ResultsBoth Ramón y Cajal and Cushing were men of unusually broad interests and talents, and these shared characteristics undoubtedly influenced the career paths and scientific investigations they pursued. Although Santiago Ramón y Cajal and Harvey Williams Cushing never directly interacted, the links between them can be traced through some of their disciples, including Pío del Río Hortega, Wilder Penfield, and Percival Bailey.ConclusionsRamón y Cajal and Cushing are widely considered the forefathers of neuroscience and neurosurgery, respectively, and their discoveries have made lasting impressions on both the scientific and medical communities.Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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