• Jian Zhong, Taotao Ma, Cheng Huang, Huanzhong Liu, Zhaolin Chen, Lu Cao, Xiaohui Li, and Jun Li.
• School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China , Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China , The Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China.
• Am. J. Chin. Med. 2014 Jan 1; 42 (4): 905-19.

AbstractMacrophages play a crucial role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Their activation is the initial step of RA. This study was designed to detect the effects of total flavonoids from Litsea coreana Levl. (TFLC) on the complete Freund's adjuvant-induced (CFA-induced) arthritis (AA) in rats and to explore whether inflammatory cytokines were induced by the IRE1/mTORC1/TNF-α-dependant mechanism in peritoneal macrophages. In vivo, our data indicated that TFLC (100, 200 mg/kg, i.g. × 10 days) could significantly suppress secondary paw swelling and serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. Histopathological figures showed that TFLC treatment improved the morphologic changes of articular cartilages and synovium. Results of RT-PCR and western blotting demonstrated that TFLC suppressed expression of 78-KD glucose regulated protein (GRP78), X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and TNF-α in peritoneal macrophages of AA rats. Collectively, these results indicate that TFLC is able to ameliorate adjuvant-induced arthritis in a dose-dependent manner by suppressing the IRE1/mTORC1/TNF-α-regulated inflammatory response initiated in peritoneal macrophages.

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