• Natalya Thorevska, Lisa Tilluckdharry, Sumit Tickoo, Andrea Havasi, Yaw Amoateng-Adjepong, and Constantine A Manthous.
• Pulmonary and Critical Care, Bridgeport Hospital and Yale University School of Medicine, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA.
• J Crit Care. 2005 Mar 1; 20 (1): 26-34.

ObjectiveTo describe understanding of end-of-life issues and compare characteristics of patients with and without advance directives.SettingA 325-bed community teaching hospital.MeasurementsQuestionnaires were administered to all patients admitted to the medical-surgical wards.ResultsOf 755 patients admitted during the study period, 264 patients participated in the study, and 82 (31%) had living wills. Patients with living wills were more likely to be white, Protestant, and highly educated. Most (76%) created them with a lawyer or family member, whereas only 7% involved physicians. Although these patients were able to identify some components of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), few (19%) understood the prognosis after CPR. After explaining CPR, 37% of those with living wills did not want it, which was not stated in their directive or hospital record. If life-sustaining therapies were already started, 39% of these patients stated that they would not want CPR or mechanical ventilation if the likelihood of recovery was < or =10%. Patients without living wills either had not heard (18%) or did not know enough (51%) about them. After education, 5% did not want CPR, and 32% would terminate life-sustaining therapies if the likelihood of recovery was < or =10%. Seventy percent of these patients expressed interest in creating a living will.ConclusionsPatients with living wills understand poorly "life-sustaining therapies" and the implications of their advance directives. Most fail to involve physicians in creating directives. A significant number of those without living wills have end-of-life wishes that could be addressed by and appear open to the idea of creating advance directives.

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