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J Clin Orthop Trauma · Mar 2021
Partial warfarin reversal prior to hip fracture surgical intervention in geriatric trauma patients effects on blood loss and transfusions.
- Richard Meinig, David Cornutt, Stephanie Jarvis, Kristin Salottolo, Michael Kelly, Paul Harrison, Michelle Nentwig, Steven Morgan, Nnamdi Nwafo, Patrick McNair, Rahul Banerjee, Bradley Woods, and David Bar-Or.
- Orthopedic Surgery and Trauma, Penrose Hospital, 1263 Lake Plaza Dr, Colorado Springs, CO, 80906, USA.
- J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 Mar 1; 14: 45-51.
BackgroundWarfarin reversal is typically sought prior to surgery for geriatric hip fractures; however, patients often proceed to surgery with partial warfarin reversal. The effect of partial reversal (defined as having an international normalized ratio [INR] > 1.5) remains unclear.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. Geriatric patients (≥65 y/o) admitted to six level I trauma centers from 01/2014-01/2018 with isolated hip fractures requiring surgery who were taking warfarin pre-injury were included. Warfarin reversal methods included: vitamin K, factor VIIa, (a)PCC, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and the "wait and watch" method. An INR of ≤ 1.5 defined complete reversal. The primary outcome was the volume of blood loss during surgery; other outcomes included packed red blood cell (pRBC) and FFP transfusions, and time to surgery.ResultsThere were 135 patients, 44% partially reversed and 56% completely reversed. The median volume of blood loss was 100 mL for both those completely and partially reversed, p = 0.72. There was no difference in the proportion of patients with blood loss by study arm, 95% vs. 95%, p > 0.99. Twenty-five percent of those completely reversed and 39% of those partially reversed had pRBCs transfused, p = 0.08. Of those completely reversed 5% received an FFP transfusion compared to 14% of those partially reversed, p = 0.09. There were no statistically significant differences observed for the volume of pRBC or FFP transfused, or for time to surgery.ConclusionsPartial reversal may be safe for blood loss and blood product transfusions for geriatric patients with isolated hip fractures. Complete warfarin reversal may not be necessary prior to hip fracture surgery, especially for mildly elevated INRs.© 2020 Delhi Orthopedic Association. All rights reserved.
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