• Q Menetrey, C Dupont, R Chiron, and H Marchandin.
• HydroSciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
• Rev Mal Respir. 2020 Sep 1; 37 (7): 561-571.

IntroductionCommon major pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa are identified in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis. However, other opportunistic bacterial pathogens like Achromobacter xylosoxidans complex, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and non-tuberculous mycobacteria are currently emerging in CF and are also reported in non-CF bronchiectasis.BackgroundThe emergence of opportunistic bacterial pathogens has been recognized in CF through annual national reports of sputum microbiology data. Despite common factors driving the emergence of bacteria identified in CF and non-CF bronchiectasis patients, bronchiectasis registries have been created more recently and no longitudinal analysis of recorded microbiological data is currently available in the literature, thereby preventing the recognition of emerging bacteria in patients with non-CF bronchiectasis.OutlookA longitudinal follow-up of microbiological data is still needed in non-CF bronchiectasis to identify emerging opportunistic bacterial pathogens. Homogeneity in practice of sputum microbiological examination is also required to allow comparative analysis of data in CF and non-CF bronchiectasis.ConclusionBacterial pathogens recognized as emerging in CF have to be more carefully monitored in non-CF bronchiectasis in view of their association with deterioration of the lung disease.Copyright © 2020 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

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