• Takashi Hirama, Lianne G Singer, Sarah K Brode, Theodore K Marras, and Shahid Husain.
• Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
• Transpl Infect Dis. 2021 Aug 1; 23 (4): e13679.

BackgroundLung transplant (LTX) recipients are at risk miscellaneous infections, among whom the clinical significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is increasingly recognized. Despite anti-mycobacterial therapy becoming standardized worldwide, there is a lack of data on treatment outcomes in LTX recipients who develop NTM-pulmonary disease (PD). We aimed to review the treatment outcomes of NTM-PD among LTX recipients in our center.MethodsPatients who underwent LTX from January 2013 to December 2014 were consecutively enrolled in the retrospective cohort, with follow-up of data retrieved to December 2017. Clinical and radiological improvement and culture conversion after anti-mycobacterial therapy were reviewed in those who developed post-transplant NTM-PD.ResultsSixteen of 230 LTX recipients developed post-transplant NTM-PD. Ten of 16 patients with post-transplant NTM-PD were treated with macrolide-containing anti-mycobacterial therapy, leading to clinical improvement in 5/10 (50%), radiological improvement in 5/10 (50%) and culture conversion in 6/10 (60%) patients.ConclusionAnti-mycobacterial therapy may relieve pulmonary symptoms and reduce microbial load among individuals with post-transplant NTM-PD.© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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