• Jan Bakker, Eduardo Kattan, Djillali Annane, Ricardo Castro, Maurizio Cecconi, Daniel De Backer, Arnaldo Dubin, Laura Evans, GongMichelle NgMNDivision of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Healthcare System/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA., Olfa Hamzaoui, Can Ince, Bruno Levy, Xavier Monnet, Ospina TascónGustavo AGADepartment of Intensive Care Medicine Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia., Marlies Ostermann, Michael R Pinsky, James A Russell, Bernd Saugel, ScheerenThomas W LTWLDepartment of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands., Jean-Louis Teboul, Antoine Vieillard Baron, Jean-Louis Vincent, Fernando G Zampieri, and Glenn Hernandez.
• Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
• Intensive Care Med. 2022 Feb 1; 48 (2): 148-163.

AbstractClinical and pathophysiological understanding of septic shock has progressed exponentially in the previous decades, translating into a steady decrease in septic shock-related morbidity and mortality. Even though large randomized, controlled trials have addressed fundamental aspects of septic shock resuscitation, many questions still exist. In this review, we will describe the current standards of septic shock resuscitation, but the emphasis will be placed on evolving concepts in different domains such as clinical resuscitation targets, adequate use of fluids and vasoactive drugs, refractory shock, and the use of extracorporeal therapies. Multiple research opportunities remain open, and collaborative endeavors should be performed to fill in these gaps.© 2021. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

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