• Anna S Mueller, Sarah Diefendorf, Seth Abrutyn, Katherine A Beardall, Krystina Millar, Lauren O'Reilly, Hillary Steinberg, and James T Watkins.
• Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. Electronic address: Mueller1@iu.edu.
• J Adolesc Health. 2021 Mar 1; 68 (3): 464-471.

PurposeReopening schools during the COVID-19 pandemic is a challenging policy issue that requires mitigation strategies, such as mask-wearing and social distancing. Whether youth will conform to these strategies is unclear.MethodsWe leverage data on 1,152 youth's mask-wearing and social-distancing behaviors from observations of five in-person live-streamed high school graduations from one U.S. public school district in July 2020. Multiple researchers took ethnographic field notes and systematically recorded public health behaviors for each graduation. We also use data from the local public health department, school district, newspapers, community observations, and the National Center for Education Statistics. We then conducted a descriptive quantitative analysis of mask-wearing status by gender, ethnicity, and school, along with a qualitative thematic analysis.ResultsNearly 70% of students wore their masks properly while receiving their diploma, although 9.6% wore no mask and 18.7% struggled with mask fit. Almost all students removed masks for graduation photos after adults suggested they should, although 80% of them were wearing their mask properly before the photo. We found significant school variation, but no gender or ethnic variation in student mask-wearing. School variation aligned with political themes of student speeches and in adult commitment to safety measures. Student speakers at all schools mentioned altruistic concern about COVID-19. All schools struggled with social distancing throughout the ceremony, except when students were seated in socially distanced chairs.ConclusionsThis study provides important insights into youth conformity to COVID-19 guidelines and strategies to protect public health during in-person schooling.Copyright © 2021 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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