• Ergin Erginoz, Halit Eren Taskin, Gokce Hande Cavus, and Abdullah Kagan Zengin.
• Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa - Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Dec 17; 100 (50): e27723e27723.

IntroductionTuberous sclerosis complex is an inherited multisystemic disorder with manifestations in various organ systems as a result of a mutation of 1 of 2 tumor suppressor genes, tuberous sclerosis complex-1 or tuberous sclerosis complex-2. Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors have been shown to be associated with these gene mutations and include a variety of tumors such as angiomyolipomas and lymphangioleiomyomatosis.Patient ConcernsIn this report, we present a case of a 28-year-old woman presenting with symptoms of severe abdominal pain and nausea with a medical history of cardiac rhabdomyoma, adenoma sebaceum, Ash leaf spots, bilateral renal angiomyolipomas, and retinal hamartoma, which are manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex. The patient was operated twice for colonic perforations in the rectosigmoid and ileocecal regions where the pathologic examination revealed multiple tumoral lesions in both specimens.DiagnosisThe tumor consisted of a myomatous component where the nodules were composed of spindle cells with fascicular array, and a lymphangiomatous component where epithelioid cells could be observed. Immunohistochemically, smooth muscle markers (desmin and SMA) were positive and the epithelioid component showed HMB-45 positivity. A diagnosis of leiomyomatosis-like lymphangioleiomyomatosis was established due to its morphological and immunohistochemical features, the presence of the tumor in multiple foci, and widespread lymphovascular invasion.InterventionsThe patient had a perforation in her bowel twice during the hospital stay and underwent Hartmann operation and ileocecal resection in 2 different surgical operations.OutcomesAfter the second operation the patient developed fever and was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. No other complication was observed during her stay and the patient's follow-up was unremarkable.ConclusionPerivascular epithelioid cell tumors are associated with tuberous sclerosis and can rarely appear in the colon. Therefore, lymphangioleiomyomatosis should be in the differential diagnosis in a tuberous sclerosis patient presenting with a colonic tumor.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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