• Huan Liu, Shu Shen, and Qiuhui Wang.
• Department of Respiratory, Shenyang Tenth People's Hospital, Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Dec 17; 100 (50): e28250e28250.

RationalePulmonary cryptococcosis is one of the important opportunistic infections and has a wide range of symptoms depending on the underlying conditions. Here, we reported a case living with chronic hepatitis B virus infection who had a recurrent pulmonary cryptococcosis.Patient ConcernsA 51-year-old male patient was admitted to our center because of cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath for 2 weeks.DiagnosisPulmonary infection was suggested by chest computed tomography. Most lab examinations for infection were negative and only cryptococcal antigen testing was positive. Therefore, a clinical diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis was made.InterventionsFluconazole (200 mg/day) and bicyclol (50 mg/day) was given orally.OutcomesDuring the follow-up of 3 and 6 months, his conditions improved, and he recovered fully. Moreover, cryptococcal antigen level was 12.57 ng/mL. During the 2-year follow-up, no recurrence occurred.LessonsThis case highlights the importance of the awareness of opportunistic infections during chronic hepatitis B virus infection, especially the potential of recurrence.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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